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Slot Waveguide Modulator

Slot Waveguide Modulator
Slot Waveguide Modulator System
Slot Waveguide Modulator Receiver

Electro-optic polymer/TiO₂ multilayer slot waveguide modulators

Abstract

We report an all-dielectric electro-optic (EO) polymer/TiO₂ multilayer slot waveguide modulator with low optical insertion loss for high-speed operations. The EO polymer is sandwiched between thin TiO₂ slot waveguide films to improve mode confinement in the EO polymer. The structure increased the mode confinement in the TiO₂ and EO polymer slot layers and reduced the electrode distance between the Au electrodes without introducing optical loss from the metal electrodes. The half-wave voltage of the modulator was 6.5 V for a 5-mm-long electrode at a wavelength of 1550 nm. The half-wave voltage and length product was 3.25 V.cm.

A slot-waveguide is an optical waveguide that guides strongly confined light in a subwavelength-scale low refractive index region by total internal reflection. A slot-waveguide consists of two strips or slabs of high-refractive-index (n H) materials separated by a subwavelength-scale low-refractive-index (n S) slot region and surrounded by low-refractive-index (n C) cladding materials.
The plas- monic slot waveguide is formed by introducing a small slot in a thin gold (Au) sheet, and coupled with silicon waveguides with inverse tapering tips.31Two layers of graphene are over- lapped and placed on top of the plasmonic slot waveguide, and a thin layer of Al 2O 3is introduced between them.

The structure of the 1D PC slot waveguide is shown in Fig. It is formed by a conventional slot waveguide with peri- odic rectangular teeth on its rails. The structural parameters of the 1D PC slot are chosen to support single-mode propagation while achieving high group index (slow light) around the op- tical wavelength of 1550 nm.

Publication:

Pub Date:

September 2012

DOI:

10.1063/1.4754597

Bibcode:

2012ApPhL.101l3509E

Keywords:

electro-optical modulation;
optical losses;
optical multilayers;
optical polymers;
optical waveguides;
titanium compounds;
42.79.Hp;
42.79.Gn;
Optical processors correlators and modulators;
Optical waveguides and couplers

Optics Letters
Vol. 41,
Issue 11,
pp. 2501-2504
(2016)
•https://doi.org/10.1364/OL.41.002501

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Abhijeet Phatak, Zhenzhou Cheng, Changyuan Qin, and Keisuke Goda, 'Design of electro-optic modulators based on graphene-on-silicon slot waveguides,' Opt. Lett. 41, 2501-2504 (2016)
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Abstract

We present a graphene-on-silicon (GoS) suspended vertical slot waveguide. By changing the Fermi level of graphene, the variation in the effective refractive index (RI) of the waveguide is a factor of two larger than that in the traditional GoS rib waveguide. The improvement is due to the light-intensity enhancement and the poor confinement of the optical mode in the slot nanostructure. We design Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) and microring modulators based on the GoS suspended vertical slot waveguide. Our calculations show that the modulators can be energy-efficient and footprint-compact due to the large phase shift of the propagating mode in the waveguide after applying a gate voltage on the graphene. Fabrication of our design is easy and CMOS-compatible. It paves the way for chip-integrated electronic-RI modulators.

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References

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